Cerianthus lloydii

Researched By	Penny Avant	Data Supplied By	MarLIN
Refereed by	This information is not refereed.
Taxonomy
Scientific name	Cerianthus lloydii	Common name	A tube anemone
MCS Code	D632	Recent Synonyms	Synarachnactis bournei.
Phylum	Cnidaria	Subphylum
Superclass	Anthozoa	Class	Hexacorallia
Subclass		Order	Ceriantharia
Suborder	Spirularia	Family	Cerianthidae
Genus	Cerianthus	Species	lloydii
Subspecies
Additional Information	None
Taxonomy References	Howson & Picton, 1997, Hayward et al., 1996, Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, Manuel, 1988
General Biology
Growth form	Vermiform unsegmented, Cylindrical	Feeding method	Passive suspension feeder, Predator
Mobility/Movement	Burrower	Environmental position	Infaunal
Typical food types	Zooplankton.	Habit	Tubiculous
Bioturbator	Not relevant	Flexibility	High (>45 degrees)
Fragility	Intermediate	Size	Medium(11-20 cm)
Height	2.5-3 cm.	Growth Rate	Insufficient information
Adult dispersal potential	Very limited (<1m)	Dependency	Independent
Sociability	Solitary
Toxic/Poisonous?	No
Additional Information
Biology References	Fish & Fish, 1996
Distribution and Habitat
Distribution in Britain & Ireland	Recorded all around the coast of Britain, except on the east coast between the Tees estuary and Harwich. It may be locally abundant in some places (Manuel, 1988; Hayward & Ryland, 1995b).
Global distribution	Found around all western coasts of Europe from Greenland and Spitzbergen, south to Brittany (Manuel, 1988; Hayward & Ryland, 1995b).
Biogeographic range	Not researched	Depth range	To at least 100 m depth.
Migratory	Non-migratory / Resident
Distribution Additional Information	The larvae but not adults have been recorded in the Mediterranean.
Substratum preferences	Muddy gravel, Coarse clean sand, Fine clean sand, Sandy mud, Mud, Mixed, Muddy sand, Gravel / shingle	Physiographic preferences
Biological zone		Wave exposure
Tidal stream strength/Water flow		Salinity
Habitat Additional Information
Distribution References	JNCC, 1999, Picton & Costello, 1998, Bruce et al., 1963, Hayward et al., 1996, Hayward & Ryland, 1995b, Manuel, 1988, Fish & Fish, 1996
Reproduction/Life History
Reproductive type	Permanent hermaphrodite	Developmental mechanism	Planktotrophic
Reproductive Season	Jan-August	Reproductive Location	As adult
Reproductive frequency		Regeneration potential	No
Life span	11-20 years	Age at reproductive maturity	Insufficient information
Generation time	Insufficient information	Fecundity
Egg/propagule size	230-250 µm	Fertilization type	External
Larvae/Juveniles Larval/Juvenile dispersal potential >10km Larval settlement period Jan-August Duration of larval stage 1-6 months
Additional Information	Pelagic larvae, planktonic for about three months, recorded in plankton from January to August (Manuel, 1988).
Reproduction References	Manuel, 1988